Effect of Universal Basic Education Programme (Ube) on Girl-Child Education Enrolment in Katsina Local Government Area of Katsina State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a bid to address girl-child education challenges and promote greater access to basic education generally, the Federal Government as a signatory to the Jomtien Declaration on Education for All (EFA, 1990) and other international treaties introduced the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Program in 1999. The UBE program seeks to ensure an uninterrupted access to 9-year formal education by providing free, and compulsory basic education for every child of school-going age, with a particular emphasis on the girl child and other disadvantaged groups. Against this backdrop, this study attempted an assessment of the effect of the UBE program on girl-child education in Katsina LGA with a particular focus on enrolment rate of the girl child. Data were generated from mainly secondary source but complemented with interviews and questionnaires. Findings of the study revealed that the UBE program has brought about increased educational enrolment of the girl-child owing to the free and compulsory basic education policy of the program, establishment of girls’ model primary schools, enlightenment on girl child education, provision of bus services and increased provision of infrastructures. Nevertheless, the program has encountered challenges such as inadequate infrastructure arising from poor funding, low value accorded girl-child education by parents, inadequate competent teaching staff, etc. The study therefore recommends increased allocation of funds; employment of more qualified and competent teachers as well as their training and retraining; imposing stiff sanctions on parents withdrawing their female children from schools; and upward review of teachers’ welfare packages to boost their morale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".