Beyond dipolar Huygens’ metasurfaces for full‐phase coverage and unity transmittance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Metasurfaces made from densely packed resonant wavelength‐scale particles enable abrupt modulation of impinging electromagnetic radiation within an ultrathin surface. Combining duality symmetry of particles and rotational symmetry of their arrangement led to the development of Huygens’ metasurfaces with perfect transmission. However, so far, when identical particles are considered, only their dipolar multipolar contributions are engineered. There, the achievable phase coverage at a fixed wavelength when modifying the period is smaller than 2 π , being a clear limitation for applications. To lift such limitation, we consider dipolar‐quadrupolar Huygens’ metasurfaces. They consist of scatterers that require a dipolar and a quadrupolar term to capture their response. We show that such metasurfaces offer access to the desired 2 π phase coverage while preserving the perfect efficiency when the conditions of duality and symmetry continue to be met. We also propose core‐multishell and disk‐multiring particles made from realistic materials to meet the requirements and that can be used to build such metasurfaces. Our results are important as a theoretical basis for large‐scale fabrications in imaging and integrated optics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".