Acoustic constant property of Interior spruce (Picea spp.) from the central interior of British Columbia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if tonewood qualities of Interior spruce, a common name used to describe the grouping of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelannii [Parry] Engelm.) and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench]), were different between two stands. The two stands selected were near McBride, British Columbia, Canada (latitude 53.3053°; longitude -120.206°) and were approximately 20 km apart, with an elevation difference of approximately 700 m. There were 20 and 11 samples taken from the lower elevation and the higher elevation stands, respectively. Billets from the mature sapwood zone of the trees were equilibrated at about 6 percent moisture content. A sound wave timer was used to determine the velocity of the sound wave in the longitudinal direction and the ovendry density was determined. The acoustic constant (AC) value was determined and the results showed no statistical difference in the AC values between the two stands. However, there was a significant difference in the density between the two stands. The density was greater for the higher elevation stand, suggesting Engelmann spruce as the dominate species, and suggesting that white spruce, having a lower density, was at the lower elevation site. However, despite the density difference, the AC values were statistically the same.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".