Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector: Comment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a recent paper, Janet Currie and Sheena McConnell ( 1991 ), hereafter CM, provide evidence from the Canadian public sector suggesting that requiring binding wage as opposed to granting the right to strike reduces dispute costs but increases wage costs. Disputes are defined as either an or a strike. This leads them to conclude that Pareto dominates other forms of legal structure: both parties could potentially be made better off from the reduction in dispute costs associated with compulsory arbitration and those responsible for designing collective-bargaining legislation face a trade-off between reducing dispute costs and changing the division of the rent (p. 714). They base these important policy conclusions on their empirical evidence on the following relationships:
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.022 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.075 | 0.051 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".