Ferrofluid-enabled micro rotary-linear actuator for endoscopic three-dimensional imaging and spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work develops the first tubular microactuator functionalized by ferrofluid that enables both rotational and axial motions in a simultaneous or selective manner for endoscopic imaging and spectroscopy catheter applications. A layer of ferrofluid attracted on the magnetic rotor/slider lifts it off the inner walls of the catheter tube, offering a near friction-less electromagnetic revolution of the rotor and/or its sliding motion along the catheter’s axis controlled by a fluidic pressure. A device prototype coupled with a prism mirror is microfabricated and evaluated to verify the effectiveness of the device design for 3-dimesnional (3D) scanning of a probing laser beam. Measurements show a superior revolving stability along its axis compared to the preceding design without axial motion function. An application of angle-resolved endoscopic Raman spectroscopy is experimentally demonstrated through an ex-vivo test using mouse tissue. The study suggests a promising potential of the microactuator for 3D endoscopic applications with Raman spectroscopy and likely with other modalities including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".