Effect of calcium and boron on growth and development of callus and shoot regeneration of date palm ‘Barhee’
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are some major obstacles in practical applications of date palm tissue culture in the laboratory such as reduced number of shoots, vitrification of tissues, and browning of cultured tissues. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) on enhancing organogenesis of buds from callus, shoot multiplication, and phytochemicals of in vitro cultures of date palm ‘Barhee’. Addition of calcium chloride and boric acid to the medium was most effective on callus for shoot regeneration and number of shoots per jar, where the best result (88.89%, 8.2 shoots per jar, respectively) was obtained by using 660 mg L−1 Ca + 9.3 mg L−1 B, compared with other treatments. It was observed that the interaction between 660 mg L−1 Ca + 9.3 mg L−1 B resulted in the highest tissue content of B [(4.75 mg L−1 dry weight (DW)]. The highest medium calcium chloride level (880 mg L−1) increased Ca content in the shoots. The combined application had the effect in reducing the vitrification. Application of Ca and B induced synthesis of proteins bands with molecular weights of 88.0, 55.6, 52.8, 43.0, 41.1, 38.3, 28.3, and 16.6 KDa in a medium supplemented with 660 mg L−1 Ca + 9.3 mg L−1 B.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".