The interferon-induced protein kinase R: the base of a riboprotein scaffolding regulating the human immunodeficiency virus.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interferon-induced RNA-activated Protein Kinase (PKR) targets the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) whose phosphorylation blocks translation initiation of cellular and viral mRNAs. PKR is activated at the beginning of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by low levels of the HIV Transactivation Response (TAR) RNA and by the cellular PKR Activator (PACT), which contributes to a reduced viral replication. During HIV replication, the viral Tat protein and high production of TAR RNA decrease PKR activation. The cellular TAR RNA Binding Protein (TRBP) and Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR1) also prevent PKR activation, while HIV expression changes PACT function to become a PKR inhibitor. Therefore, HIV recruits viral and cellular factors to counteract PKR antiviral activity. In addition, PKR antiviral function was positively selected during evolution due to contacts with viral factors inhibiting its function. The riboprotein scaffolding such as the one that inhibits PKR during HIV replication may exist for other antiviral factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".