COMPARATIVE MITO-GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF GENUS CANIS BY USING DIFFERENT BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the current study, the mitochondrial gene sequences for COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA of seven species found in different parts of the world were retrieved from NCBI Gene Bank.While, PCR products of COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA genes obtained from C. lupus and C. aureus present in Pakistan were sequenced and aligned for comparison.The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA genes showed almost the same results for the extant species of genus Canis.16s rRNA revealed C. latrans, C. lycaon and C. simensis showed close phylogenetic relation with each other.While, COI and Cyt b showed wider genetic distance.Cyt b and 16s rRNA analysis indicated C. mesomelas and C. adustus as sister taxa, while COI also proved the same phylogenetic association.COI and 16s rRNA revealed the least genetic distance between C. aureus and C. lycaon while Cyt b showed more genetic distance.COI, 16s rRNA analysis determined close phylogenetic relations between C. lupus and C. lycaon while Cyt b showed greater phylogenetic distinction between these two species.Cyt b and 16s rRNA revealed no genetic distance between C. latrans and C. lycaons while COI analysis identified both as genetically distant.Finally, COI, 16s rRNA successfully determined the phylogenetic association between C. aureus and C. adustus but Cyt b clarified more with higher genetic distance.In conclusion, 16s rRNA revealed least genetic distance while Cyt b showed higher genetic distance which suggests its potential use for species delineation, especially for mammals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".