Ultra-wideband dual-polarization silicon nitride power splitter based on modal engineered slot waveguides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides provide a substantially lower index contrast, thermo-optic coefficient, and reduced birefringence compared to silicon-on-insulator waveguides. These properties make SiN a prominent candidate for implementation of ultra-wideband dual-polarization photonics circuits with a great potential for datacom applications. State-of-the-art SiN power splitters are still hampered in terms of either bandwidth or single-polarization operation. Here, we propose to overcome these limitations by exploiting modal and waveguide symmetry engineering in a single-mode slot waveguide. This topology prevents mode-beating, while granting symmetric power splitting for both polarizations. Experimental characterization of the fabricated device shows low loss ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>0.62</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) and imbalance ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>0.6</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) within an unprecedented bandwidth of 420 nm (1.26–1.68 µm).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".