SUBIECTUL INFRACŢIUNII DE CORUPERE A ALEGĂTORILOR (PREVĂZUTĂ LA art.181¹ DIN CODUL PENAL AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
În articol este prezentată și argumentată opinia conform căreia orice persoană care îndeplineşte condiţiile generale ale subiectului infracţiunii şi care este implicată direct sau indirect în campania electorală sau în desfăşurarea unui referendum poate fi subiect al infracţiunii de corupere a alegătorilor. De asemenea, este analizată problema privind sancţionarea faptei de luare de mită electorală de către alegători. În doctrină şi în cadrul politicilor penale ale statelor lumii întâlnim două abordări diferite, două tendinţe diametral opuse referitor la incriminarea faptei de luare de mită electorală. Conform primei abordări, luarea de mită electorală trebuie incriminată; conform celei de-a doua, fapta de luare de mită electorală nu trebuie incriminată. În afară de legislaţia penală a Republicii Moldova, sunt analizate legislaţiile Canadei, Germaniei, Danemarcei, Sloveniei, Albaniei, Macedoniei şi României. THE SUBJECT OF CORRUPTION OF voters (Crime REFERRED IN art.181¹ PENAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA) In the article we establish and argue the opinion that any person which fulfills the general conditions of the offense, and which, is directly or indirectly involved in the electoral campaign or conducting a referendum, may be subject to the corruption of voters. Also, we analyze the aspect of sanctioning the act of making / accepting electoral bribery committed by voters. In doctrine and in the criminal policies of the world's states we encounter two different approaches, two diametrically opposed trends regarding incriminating the act of making / accepting electoral bribe. According to the first approach, taking / accepting electoral bribe must be incriminated; according to the second, the act of taking / accepting electoral bribe must not be incriminated. In addition to the criminal law of the Republic of Moldova, we are analyzed the laws of Canada, Germany, Denmark, Slovenia, Albania, Macedonia and Romania.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".