The Llonin Cave (Peñamellera Alta, Asturias, Spain), level III (Galería): techno-typological characterisation of the Badegoulian lithic and bone assemblages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Llonin cave is located in the Cares river valley, between the sea and the Cantabrian Cordillera. In level III, hunted fauna comes from a rocky and mountainous biotope with chamois predominance over red deer and Spanish ibex. On top of this level there is an Upper Magdalenian level (II) and underneath an Upper Solutrean one (IV). Level III is formed by materials linked to fire, with a specific functionality, and there is an extraordinary association of elements: raclettes, single-beveled points (Placard type) and “pseudoexcisa” decoration. In addition, the substrate tools dominate, beginning with the splintered pieces, which are the best represented, both in quartzite and flint, followed by notches and denticulates in quartzite. Flakes are the priority blanks; blade production is low and bladelets are scarce. Actually the archaeological record is not related to the Cantabrian Solutrean or the Magdalenian, but agrees with the Badegoulian. The level has been dated ~18.000 BP (21584–21935 cal BP).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".