Liquid Sloshing in a Rigid Cylindrical Tank Equipped with a Rigid Annular Baffle and on Soil Foundation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluid sloshing in a rigid circular cylindrical tank is investigated; the tank is resting on soil foundation and is excited by horizontal seismic accelerations. A rigid annular baffle is connected to the inner wall of the storage tank to reduce liquid sloshing. By using the fluid subdomain method, the convective velocity potential is derived. An equivalent model with mass-spring oscillators is proposed to describe the sloshing motions of the contained liquid. Then, by means of the least square method, a complex polynomial fraction is employed to fit the dynamic impedance of the soil. A nested lumped parameter model is established to model the effect of the soil foundation. The substructure method allows to obtain the soil–tank–liquid coupled model. The equation of motion of the coupled system is solved by the Newmark-[Formula: see text] method. A comparison between the present sloshing results and those published in the literature shows an excellent agreement. The effects of the soil parameters, the baffle position and its size on the dynamic behavior of the soil–tank–liquid system are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the soil properties and the baffle parameters can have a remarkable influence on liquid sloshing. The novelty of this research is that an analytical model for the soil–tank–liquid–baffle coupled system is derived for the first time and it allows to study the dynamics and sloshing response of the system with accuracy and low computational cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".