Mechanisms of Cardiac Dysfunction in Heart Failure due to Myocardial Infarction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with marked elevation of plasma vasoactive hormones, ventricular arrhythmias, scar formation in the ischemic portion of left ventricle (LV) and hypertrophy of the viable LV as well as the right ventricle (RV). Particularly, elevated levels of plasma catecholamines and angiotensin II activate their membrane receptors and stimulate different signal transduction systems for producing cardiac hypertrophy, augmenting the activities of subcellular organelles and increasing cardiac function. While marked arrhythmias due to acute MI produce 30 to 40% mortality, hypertrophic alterations in the viable LV as well as RV are compensatory for maintaining hemodynamic homeostasis due to loss of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, prolonged elevation of plasma vasoactive hormones in chronic MI produce deleterious effects on the hypertrophied heart by promoting the formation of oxyradicals, inducing Ca2+ - handling abnormalities in subcellular organelles, depressing cardiac gene expression, activating different proteases and resulting in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Thus, in view of the complexities of mechanisms for both acute and chronic effects of MI, there is a real challenge of developing new interventions for preventing the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as well as progression of the MI-induced cardiovascular abnormalities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".