Impact of External Oblique Muscle Training on Ultrasonography and Spirometry Parameters Among Elderly Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A progressive, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and associated deterioration in muscle strength and performance increases with age. Aging affect the respiratory muscle performance on respiratory system due to anatomical and physiological changes in muscle strength as well as thickness of the respiratory muscles. During resting breathing the limitation of movement is more evident in expiration than inspiration were the FEV1/FVC% falls in older people. There are lot of study on peripheral muscle thickness and muscle torque among elderly population, but not much study on respiratory muscle training. This made us to conduct a study on pulmonary function and muscle thickness in elderly population by training the expiratory muscles. To determine the effects of external oblique muscle training on pulmonary function and muscle thickness in elderly population. 60 geriatric voluntary subjects were assigned to experimental and control group as (n=30) each. Experimental group subjected to 16 weeks of external oblique strengthening along with incentive spirometer training. Control group subjected to incentive spirometer alone. Pre and post training muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters were assessed. The paired t test found there is significant difference (P<0.05) between pre and post training muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters in experimental group. We recommend that resistance training, not only maintain the muscle thickness also improve the muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters among elderly population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".