Acoustic measurements of marine sediments with pebbles and cobbles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The majority of sediment acoustics research has focused to date on sediments with sand‐sized particles or smaller; measurements for sediments containing cobbles (6–26 cm) are rare. This paper presents the first measurements (to the authors’ knowledge) over a wide frequency range of compressional‐wave velocity and bulk density for a sediment with cobbles. The in situ velocity from inversion from wide‐angle reflection‐coefficient data at 0.4–2 kHz for cobbles suspended in sand is found here to be 1800 m/s with 95% credibility interval bounds of [1787–1828] m/s and for cobbles suspended in clay 1532 [1528–1536] m/s. Measured core velocities at 50 kHz and 200 kHz are lower for each sediment due to multiple scattering. The in situ bulk density for cobbles suspended in sand is 2.25 [2.21–2.28] g/cm 3 and for cobbles suspended in clay 1.83 [1.78–1.87] g/cm 3 . Though cobbles in the upper few metres of sediment may be considered unusual on the mid‐shelf at mid‐latitudes, they appear to be present over tens of square kilometres on the Malta Plateau in a several metre thick layer starting at about 1 m below seafloor. In fact, geologic process considerations suggest that cobbles may be generally more common in mid to outer shelf environments than the paucity of measurements would suggest. Increased interest in the Arctic continental shelf environment, where pebbles and cobbles are expected to be prevalent, provides an additional motivation for this work.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it