Transcriptomic signatures of social experience during early development in a highly social cichlid fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The social environment encountered early during development can temporarily or permanently influence life history decisions and behaviour of individuals and correspondingly shape molecular pathways. In the highly social cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher, deprivation of brood care permanently affects social behaviour and alters the expression of stress axis genes in juveniles and adults. It is unclear when gene expression patterns change during early life depending on social experience, and which genes are involved. We compared brain gene expression of N. pulcher at two time points during the social experience phase when juveniles were reared either with or without brood care, and one time point shortly afterwards. We compared (a) whole transcriptomes and (b) expression of 79 genes related to stress regulation, in order to define a neurogenomic state of stress for each fish. At developmental day 75, that is, after the social experience phase, 43 genes were down-regulated in fish having experienced social deprivation, while two genes involved in learning and memory and in post-translational modifications of proteins (PTM), respectively, were up-regulated. Down-regulated genes were mainly associated with immunity, PTM and brain function. In contrast, during the experience phase no genes were differentially expressed when assessing the whole transcriptome. When focusing on the neurogenomic state associated with the stress response, we found that individuals from the two social treatments differed in how their brain gene expression profiles changed over developmental stages. Our results indicate that the early social environment influences the transcriptional activation in fish brains, both during and after an early social experience, possibly affecting plasticity, immune system function and stress axis regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".