Issues Of Population Migration In Practice Of Urban Self-Government Bodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Migrations of the population in the last quarter of the XIX - early XX centuries were the result of the separation of industry from agriculture, the presence of relative overpopulation, the ruin of the peasants and the emergence of the unemployed. In the regions of arrival of migrants, arrangements were made for their placement. Migrations were both natural and organized by the state. The state in 1932 established a strict passport regime and residence permit. The observance of the passport regime was monitored by the municipal authorities. Prior to the collapse of the USSR, the administrative commissions of the city executive committees resolved issues of the further stay of people in cities. This function of the executive committee of the city council was enshrined in law. The city executive committee was closer to the problems of the population, which allowed its members to clarify the circumstances. Based on this, the decision of the city executive committee was made: to send or leave the violator of the passport regime in the city. The pace of migration from villages to cities accelerated markedly after the lifting of passport restrictions. Every year tens and hundreds of thousands of rural residents rushed to the cities, which resulted in the formation of million-plus cities. Large-scale migrations along with positive consequences had negative ones. They caused the exacerbation of a number of social problems, the solution of which lay with the state, which through central ministries and departments allocated funds distributed to departmental industrial enterprises.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".