Settlement and Recruitment of Pelagic Larvae to Benthic Habitats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Many organism that live on the benthos (or bottom) of aquatic ecosystems have biphasic life histories because they reproduce by releasing eggs and sperm in the water column that develop into plankton larvae, which are dispersed by water currents. These populations are considered open systems because postlarval juveniles recruit in regions separate from the adult population. In this article, we present some of the diversity of larval types that have evolved in different organisms. We focus primarily on marine organisms, but include a few examples from freshwater as appropriate. We also discuss the processes that affect the recruitment of new individuals into benthic populations, which involve (i) larval supply, (ii) larval settlement, and (iii) post‐settlement. We note that these processes act over a variety of temporal and spatial scales and we identify the hypotheses that have been presented to explain how variations in these affect recruitment. A large number of processes and hypotheses have been proposed for the settlement and recruitment of pelagic larvae to benthic habitats, which is not surprising given the diversity of organisms involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".