Book Review “Brazilian Foreign Policy after the Cold War” University Press of Florida. Sean Burges"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the author Sean Burges analyzes the main achievements of Brazilian foreign policy between 1992 and 2002.The choice of such a decade to be analyzed, according to the author, refers to the ten years (hitherto) of greatest achievements in Brazil.This decade in question is also called "The Decade of Fernando Henrique Cardoso".He was a foreign minister from 1992-1993, finance minister from 1993 -1994 , and president of Brazil from 1995 -2002. .The Canadian scholar tries to understand "how" and "why" Brazil carving its space into the international scenario as a consensual hegemony.Burges does that examining official documents and from several interviews with Brazilian diplomats.And this method can be understood as his first mistake, since diplomats and official documents only disclosure what the Brazilian government wants to show.Meaning: not necessarily the "reality".After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union Burges, the international scenario was going through a complicated phase of fast pace changings and growing in internationalization. Facing new challenges Burges claims the Brazilian government embarked on a Foreign Policy in a "quiet style of leadership on South America".Still, Brazilian diplomacy was seeking to keep the country's autonomy in the international sphere without foreign interference.According to this author, during Fernando Henrique Cardoso's "decade" Brazilian foreign policy was seeking this so-called "quiet leadership" in South America because being explicit would incur costs.Here is one more problem in his analysis, Brazil is very important to regional stability.However, during the two mandates of Cardoso, the main goal of the country's foreign policy wasn't to have leadership in the region.It's important, but it was clear that at that moment Brazilian foreign policy was directed towards carving a niche among the great powers, not among other countries of the Global South.At the beginning of the 1990s, Brazil was suffering from a huge economic crisis.Said that the country couldn't afford any kind of leadership in the "Ante Portas -Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem" 2019, Nr 1(12)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".