The invisibilization of sexism in research on homophobic and transphobic violence in schools in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article provides a critical reading of three studies conducted respectively in English-speaking Canada, Quebec and the United States, on the school environment and interpersonal violence between peers based on non-conformity with sexual and gender norms in schools. It examines the extent of these forms of violence, which can affect all students, as well as the relatively greater victimization of trans or non-cisgendered youth and students whose gender expression is not in line with gender norms. However, these studies overlook the analysis of sexist violence or violence experienced as girls, including by non-heterosexual girls, as well as the inquiry on the perpetrators of interpersonal violence. While acknowledging the intertwined and systemic nature of sexuality- and gender-related violence, these studies fail to address the asymmetry between girls and boys and the role of interpersonal violence in the reproduction of social gender relations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".