Bibliographic record
Abstract
Critical period (CP) plasticity in the auditory cortex (A1) has been known to be crucial for both functional brain development and cognitive function.Impaired A1 development during a CP for tonotopic mapping has been implicated in many neurological disorders of learning and memory, including Autism.Our recent results have shown a critical role for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) in the auditory CP for tonotopic mapping.Here, we aim to determine if early-life stress (ELS) during rapid synaptic development affects the function of AMPARs required for normal CP plasticity.ELS was induced at P3-15 in a c-Fos based transgenic mouse model.Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we recorded pyramidal cells in layer IV of A1 to measure AMPAR function and the maturation of glutamatergic synapses in P12-15 mice.We found that AMPAR functional maturation is highly correlated to the opening of A1 tonotopic CP plasticity during normal development.We further identified that ELS selectively activated a subpopulation of A1 pyramidal neurons as evidenced by selective activity-dependent green fluorescent protein tagging.Interestingly, while ELS did not cause significant changes in AMPAR function in overall randomly sampled neurons, ELS activated neurons showed enhancement of AMPAR function compared to non-activated neurons.These results provide a potential synaptic mechanism following exposure to a stressor during a CP of brain development and might identify novel strategies to modulate ELS-induced neurodevelopmental impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".