The C-REX sounding rocket mission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For reasons that are not well understood, there are permanent enhancements in the neutral mass density in Earth's thermosphere in the vicinity of the northern and southern geomagnetic cusps, and at altitudes of around 400 km. Such enhancements are expected to cause small but important and currently unpredictable perturbations to the orbits of spacecraft flying through them. Here we report on a NASA sounding rocket mission to study mechanisms responsible for establishing and maintaining these enhancements. On November 24, 2014, a Black-Brant 12 sounding rocket was launched from Andoya Space Center out over the Greenland Sea, and into the enhancement region associated with the ionospheric footprint of the northern geomagnetic cusp. It released ten rocket-propelled "grenades" that dispersed barium strontium tracer clouds into the thermosphere throughout a 3D volume extending over many tens of km around the main trajectory, and spanning heights from 190 to 400 km. Subsequent motions of the ionized barium and neutral barium/strontium components of the clouds were determined by photographic triangulation, using cameras based at Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, and aboard a NASA aircraft flying just south of Svalbard. Initial results of this analysis will be presented, and the implications for the mechanism(s) responsible for the density anomaly will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".