Macrophage iron overload in hemolytic anemia likely contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium susceptibility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A recombinant congenic mouse AcB61 that present constitutive anemia due to a mutation in the pyruvate kinase gene was found extremely susceptible to Salmonella Typhimurium. We precise the nature of the anemia and its consequences on iron metabolism before and after salmonella infection. AcB61 mice presented a severe and regenerative anemia associated with high levels of serum ferritin, liver iron and unconjugated serum bilirubin indicating an anemia of hemolytic character. Iron accumulation was observed in splenic macrophages, kupffer cells and hepatocytes with clear evidences of erythrophagocytosis in tissues macrophages. Expression of the iron exporter Ferroportin (Fpn) was strongly upregulated at the cell surface of tissues macrophages containing erythrocytes. During Salmonella infection, the anemia rapidly worsened but the level of hepatic iron remained unchanged. In addition, serum transferrin, serum ferritin and hepatic hepcidin levels were increased with concomitant disappearance of macrophage Fpn labeling. Conclusion: Extravascular hemolytic anemia characterized by abnormal RBC turnover and iron overload in tissues macrophages contribute to the susceptibility to Salmonella infection, possibly by providing increase access to iron to the invading intracellular pathogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".