Place marketing, policy integration and governance complexity: an analytical framework for FDI promotion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper focuses on the marketing of regions and cities within the global market for foreign direct investments (FDIs). In a context in which place marketing and place branding are employed as tools for local and regional development, this paper aims to discuss, within the broader place marketing and branding discourse, the extent to which FDI promotion has evolved in pursuit of the relative economic prosperity of local communities. In so doing, this paper investigates the evolution of FDI promotion and its degree of integration with diverse local policy domains. The cases of Ontario (Canada), Tuscany (Italy) and Western Switzerland are taken as illustrative examples of the intertwining of the three dimensions that this paper identifies as fundamental to the analysis of FDI promotion, namely (a) FDI policy generation, (b) the relationship of place branding and place marketing and (c) governance complexity. In light of the results, the relation between FDI promotion and strategic planning is discussed, by drawing attention to critical aspects of policy integration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".