The Wildflowers Around Victoria Painted on Silk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elizabeth Yeend Duer (1889–1951) was born in Nagasaki, Japan. Her father was an Englishman, Yeend Duer (1846–1921) and her mother a Japanese woman, Yasu Tsunekawa (née Zama, 1859–1936). Elizabeth grew up knowing much about both English and Japanese culture and language and learned to selectively deploy this knowledge, depending on context and the message she wished to convey. The Duer family moved to the fashionable, westernized, Ginza district of Tokyo when Elizabeth was about ten years old. They kept an English-style house. The dining room, for example, was furnished with a European-style table and chair set, and the family used knives and forks, not chopsticks. Elizabeth was also practiced in the art of kimono wearing, which she likely learned from her mother. It is said that as an adult Elizabeth Duer only wore kimonos, presenting herself as a Japanese woman.The Duers were early proponents of education for girls and women in Japan. Elizabeth studied nihonga-style painting in the atelier of Gyokushi Atomi (1859–1943), an institution dedicated to the artistic education of women. After some time studying with Gyokushi, Elizabeth took on the artistic identity of Gyokushō. A British citizen, Elizabeth left Japan for Victoria, British Columbia in the fall of 1940, wearing Western-style clothes. War was on the horizon and Duer felt the tensions between Japan and England escalate. In Victoria, she joined her first cousin and artist Katharine Emma Maltwood (née Sapsworth, 1878–1961) and Katharine’s husband John, who had arrived in Victoria just two years earlier. Katharine’s mother (Elizabeth Duer) and Elizabeth’s father (Yeend Duer) were siblings. Unlike most Japanese Canadians, Elizabeth was not interned after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. She supported herself by working as a translator and teaching Japanese to officers headed to Burma in the military campaign against Japan. Back in Japan, members of the Duer family were incarcerated as British sympathisers. Remarkably, Elizabeth continued to paint in the nihonga-style and signed her work using her Japanese artistic identity, Gyokushō. In 1941, she exhibited her work with the Island Arts and Crafts Society, publicly presenting herself as a Japanese artist, though Canada was at war with Japan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".