RF36 Comparing multiple forms of discrimination and postpartum depression among palestinian-arab minority women, immigrant and non-immigrant jewish women in israel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Drawing on the intersectionality theory, emerging research shows that discrimination is a multidimensional risk factor for health. Yet, associations between multiple forms of discrimination (MFD) and postpartum depression (PPD) have not been explored. This study compares relationships between MFD and PPD among Palestinian-Arab indigenous minority, Jewish immigrant, and Jewish non-immigrant mothers citizens of Israel. Methods We used data from a stratified sample of 1,128 postpartum mothers who were interviewed during visiting maternal and child health clinics in 2014–15. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis and generalized estimation equation for PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with cutoff ≥10) and compared associations with two measure of MFD among the study groups, while considering age, socioeconomic status, anti-depressant use, and single forms of discrimination in different models. The two MFD measures included: cumulative MFD (additive experiences of 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 forms of discrimination based on ethnicity, skin color, religiosity level, gender, age and socioeconomic status), and composite MFD (12 categories resulting from an interactions terms between cumulative 0, 1, 2 and 3≥ MFD and women’s study groups. The reference category was non-immigrant Jewish mothers who reported no MFD. Results Palestinian-Arab mothers reported highest MFD, followed by Jewish immigrant mothers and non-immigrant Jews (≥3MFD=29.2%, 24.1% and 17.8%, respectively). Composite MFD had stronger dose response associations with PPD among Palestinian-Arab women, followed by immigrant Jews and non-immigrant Jewish women. Compared to non-immigrant Jewish women with no MFD, Palestinian-Arab women reporting ≥3MFD, 2MFD and one MFD were more likely to experience PPD. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (AOR, 95%CI) were 12.68 (5.29–30.40), 10.08 (3.73–27.20), and 3.98 (1.23–12.86), respectively, among Palestinian-Arab women; 4.44 (1.45–13.61), 5.76 (1.84–17.97), 2.32 (0.59–9.12), respectively, among immigrant Jewish mothers; and 4.68 (1.87–11.71), 3.74 (1.32–10.63) and 2.70 (1.06–6.87) among non-immigrant Jews mothers. Cumulative or additive MFD showed a strong dose response association with PPD among non-immigrant Jews and Palestinian-Arab women who reported ≥3MFD, but not among immigrant Jewish women. Conclusion The study result sheds light on the importance of studying the facets of MFD in intersection with social identities in maternal mental health research. Using a cumulative or additive measure of MFD might underestimate the association between discrimination and PPD specifically in minority and immigrant mothers who face MFD. Health care providers should consider the effects of MFD on PPD among mothers, especially for women located at more than one marginalized axis of identity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".