Correlation of mismatch repair protein deficiency, PD-L1 and CD8 expression in high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mismatch repair-deficient (d-MMR) tumours have been reported to show susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-1/PD ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1). In this study, we sought to correlate the association of d-MMR, PD-L1 and CD8 expression in muscle invasive, high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) of bladder. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 201 cases and sequentially stained with PD-L1, CD8, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2. PD-L1 was assessed in tumour and immune cells. CD8 was assessed in a hotspot fashion with results averaged across cores. Loss of nuclear MMR expression on TMA sections was further assessed using corresponding whole tissue sections. d-MMR was identified in four cases (2%). The mean CD8 count was significantly higher in d-MMR tumours (10 vs 35, p=0.007) as was the proportion of PD-L1 positivity (75% vs 20%, p=0.031). d-MMR is uncommon in HGUC of bladder but shows strong correlation with cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and PD-L1 tissue expression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it