Periodic folding of a falling viscoelastic sheet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A viscoelastic solid sheet fed from a certain height towards a rigid horizontal plane folds on itself provided that there is no slip. This phenomenon commonly occurs in the manufacturing process of textile and paper products. In this paper we apply a particle dynamics model to investigate this phenomenon. At a low feeding velocity and low viscosity, the inertial effect and the viscous dissipation within the sheet are negligible, and our model successfully reproduces the existing quasistatic results in the gravitational regime. As the feeding velocity and the viscosity of the sheet increase, the folding process changes significantly. The length of the folds decrease and the "rolling back" motion of the sheet vanishes. In the inertial regime, a scaling law between the fold length and the feeding velocity is derived by balancing the kinetic energy and the elastic bending energy involved in folding, which is verified by the simulation. It is found that above a critical feeding velocity, the folding morphology transforms from line contact into point contact with the sheet exhibiting a lemniscate-like pattern. Finally, a phase diagram for the folding morphology is constructed. The results presented in this work may offer some insights into the high-speed manufacturing of paper and fabric sheets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".