THE USE OF RECTAL DICLOFENAC SODIUM VERSUS INTRAVENOUS PARACETAMOL FOR POST CESAREAN SECTION ANALGESIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Pain management is one of the most important aspects of postoperative care. Pain causes unpleasant experiences such as prolongation of postoperative recovery and development of stress reactions. Pain relief is of great importance in patients with Cesarean section by relaxing the mother, enhancing the ability of self-care, resulting into early discharge and subsequently reduces nosocomial infections and hospitalization costs. Objectives To compare the analgesic efficacy of Diclofenac sodium suppository (100 mg) versus intravenous paracetamol (1000 mg) in postoperative pain management for women undergoing Caesarean section. Patients and Methods This study is a single blinded randomized clinical trial conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from 1st of June 2018 to 1st of February 2019 on 124 pregnant women who underwent 1st or 2nd Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia without any medical disease or drug allergy. After obtaining informed consent from the participants, patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (62 patients) received 100 mg rectal Diclofenac sodium, Group B (62 patients) received 1000 mg intravenous Acetaminophen immediately after cesarean section. The patients were observed for 12 hours after the end of surgery. The pain intensity was judged using McGill pain scale at time periods 1, 6 and 12 hours after the ending of surgery. Results Mean pain score was significantly lower at 1, 6 and 12 hours of Diclofenac sodium group comparing to that of paracetamol group p<0.001. After 1 hour, 60 patients (96.8%) in Diclofenac group had no pain, while 26 of paracetamol group (41.9%) had no pain The paracetamol group significantly needed more additional analgesia than Diclofenac group P<0.001. No side effects were recorded in any of the two groups. Conclusion For post Cesarean pain relief, rectal Diclofenac sodium was found to be safe and effective and has much better analgesic effect than intravenous paracetamol infusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".