In-package cold plasma decontamination of fresh-cut carrots: microbial and quality aspects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cold plasma is a promising nonthermal technology for the decontamination and preservation of fresh and fresh-cut produce. The rapid action of a cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plasma against a variety of food spoilage and pathogenic organisms make it a suitable decontamination intervention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma in reducing the natural microflora of carrots treated at 60, 80, and 100 kV (60 Hz frequency) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min. About 2 log 10 CFU/g reduction in the population of both, total aerobic mesophiles, and yeast and mold was observed in carrot discs treated at 100 kV for 5 min (~250 W power). The changes in pH, colour, texture, and total carotenoids of cold plasma treated carrots were minor. For shelf-life evaluation of plasma treated cut-carrots voltages between 80 to 100 kV and treatment times between 4 to 5 min is recommended, such that reduction in spoilage microflora and quality retention is maximized. Voltage was found to have a significant effect on the total carotenoids and colour of the carrot discs. Further optimization of the process parameters, preferably using modified gases, is necessary to balance the desired reduction in microflora versus the quality retention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".