Trichogramma chilonis as Parasitoid: An Eco-friendly Approach Against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major pest of several crops, e.g., Tomato, cotton, pigeon pea, and chickpea suffered by this insect in various parts of the worldwide. Trichocards as parasitoids regarding the different release levels of Trichogramma chilonis were used to evaluate the effectiveness against tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera as well as five insecticides with new chemistries were used to find out the comparative bio efficacy, which were relatively safer to human and environment, i.e., Capital plus (Beta-Cyfluthrin + Triazophos, 41.7% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Commando (Acephate, 97% DF) 62 g, Border (Profenofos + Lambda – Cyhalothrin, 61.5% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Polytrin C (Cypermethrin + Profenofos, 440 EC) 500 ml/Acre, Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre. We also compared the insecticides with trichocards. There were 3 treatments, T1 Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre, T2 (16000) of biological control agent (egg Parasitoid) and T3 (control plot). 16000 eggs of the parasitoid Trichogram chilonis, released per hectare were most effective in controlling tomato fruit borer. Out of the five insecticides tested, Border proved to be the best one, followed by Profit and Capital Plus in reducing the percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borer. In the third experiment, Profit gave best result followed by the Trichograma. chilonis cards with 16000 eggs per hectare. Among the tested insecticides, treatments sprayed with Border gave maximum yield (6179.0 kg/ha), followed by Profit & Polytrin C. Cost benefit ratio shows that highest net return (46.45 BCR) was obtained with Trichograma chilonis cards released plots followed by Profit. Trichocards are suggested for the controlling of Helicoverpa armigera as best substitute for insecticides. The use of trichocards practice have very effective role to protect the soil moreover, this practice may have significant role to protect the soil and save the natural resources from insecticides pollution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".