Patient‐reported outcomes in a large North American cohort living with chronic hepatitis B virus: a cross‐sectional analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms associated with chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection have not been well-described in North American cohorts. AIMS: To evaluate several PROs and associations with HBV disease activity markers. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis including 876 adults who completed PRO measures during the Hepatitis B Research Network Adult Cohort Study. Participants on HBV treatment were excluded. Outcomes included: HRQoL using the SF-36 mental component summary and physical component summary scores; symptom burden using a 10-item Total Symptom Checklist and fatigue using an instrument from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System®. Covariates included laboratory markers of disease severity, virological status, comorbidities and medications. RESULTS: Median age was 42 (range: 19-79), 51% were female, 73% Asian, 19% HBeAg (+), 2% had AST-platelet ratio index (APRI) ≥1.5 and 74% without comorbidities. Mean mental component summary T-score = 52, physical component summary T-score = 54 and PROMIS Fatigue T-score = 47. On a scale from 0 (none) to 40 (extreme), the mean Symptom Checklist score = 3 and 25% reported no symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (60%), irritability (32%) and itching (32%). Most symptoms were 'a little bit' bothersome. In multivariable regressions, APRI ≥1.50 and more comorbidities were associated with worse patient-reported outcomes; virological markers were not. Adding the Total Symptom Checklist score to original regression models increased explanation of variation in the mental component summary score from 4% to 44% and the Physical Component Summary Score from 17% to 34%. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated North American HBV patients with mild liver disease report favourable health-related quality of life and minimal symptoms. HBV does not impact health-related quality of life unless advanced liver disease or comorbidities are present. High symptom burden explains substantial variation in health-related quality of life. (CT.gov identifier: NCT01263587).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".