Unorthodox features in two venerid bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In animals, strictly maternal inheritance (SMI) of mitochondria is the rule, but one exception (doubly uniparental inheritance or DUI), marked by the transmission of sex-specific mitogenomes, has been reported in bivalves. Associated with DUI is a frequent modification of the mitochondrial cox2 gene, as well as additional sex-specific mitochondrial genes not involved in oxidative phosphorylation. With the exception of freshwater mussels (for 3 families of the order Unionida), these DUI-associated features have only been shown in few species [within Mytilidae (order Mytilida) and Veneridae (order Venerida)] because of the few complete sex-specific mitogenomes published for these orders. Here, we present the complete sex-specific mtDNAs of two recently-discovered DUI species in two families of the order Venerida, Scrobicularia plana (Semelidae) and Limecola balthica (Tellinidae). These species display the largest differences in genome size between sex-specific mitotypes in DUI species (>10 kb), as well as the highest mtDNA divergences (sometimes reaching >50%). An important in-frame insertion (>3.5 kb) in the male cox2 gene is partly responsible for the differences in genome size. The S. plana cox2 gene is the largest reported so far in the Kingdom Animalia. The mitogenomes may be carrying sex-specific genes, indicating that general mitochondrial features are shared among DUI species.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".