Cerebral functional activity and connectivity changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A resting-state fMRI study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis showing severe neuropsychiatric symptoms is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. However, the corresponding standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents normal or atypical in the majority of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Here, this study aimed to investigate the alterations in brain functional activity in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and whether these alterations contributed to cognition and mood disorders. METHODS: )) and resting-state functional MRI. MRI data was firstly analyzed by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and brain regions with altered ALFF between groups were selected as regions of interest for the further functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between brain dysfunction and neuropsychological performance. RESULTS: scores (all p < 0.05). In the brain functional activity analysis, the patients showed decreased ALFF values in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, left precuneus, and bilateral cerebellum (false- discovery- rate corrected, p < 0.05). Furthermore, relative to the control group, the patients showed significantly increased FC between the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the bilateral lingual gyrus, right calcarine, right cuneus, also between the right PCC and the right fusiform gyrus, bilateral lingual gyrus, left calcarine, left cuneus, and right posterior central gyrus (false- discovery- rate corrected, p < 0.05). FC strength between the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right cuneus, and between the right posterior cingulate gyrus and left cuneus were both positively correlated with MoCA memory scores (r = 0.485, p = 0.048; r = 0.550, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: The present study highlight that decreased spontaneous neural activities and abnormal FC exhibited in the patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which may participate in the process of cognition and emotion deficits. These results may help to elucidate the clinical radiological contradictions in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and contribute to deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it