To play or not to play? sports participation and shared decision-making in athletes with inherited heart rhythm disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in sport. Inherited heart rhythm disorders that cause SCD in young individuals include, but are not limited to, long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), Brugada syndrome, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The 2005 American College of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology consensus statements recommended uniform and mandatory disqualification of athletes with inherited heart rhythm disorders from competitive sports due to the potential risk of fatal arrhythmias precipitated by adrenergic stress.1 2 This broad, universal mandate for exclusion is an antiquated practice from a time where risk was mostly unpredictable and risk reduction strategies poorly defined. The discovery of many evidence-based markers of risk can facilitate a precision medicine approach to exercise prescription in patients with inherited heart rhythm disorders. The risk of recurrent cardiac events is lower than previously thought for primary electrical diseases such as LQTS and CPVT. Young athletes, those aged 21 years or younger, receiving the recommended treatment for LQTS and CPVT (eg, beta blockers and avoidance of QT prolonging medications at a minimum) are not at an increased risk for SCD during competitive sports.3 4 For the other major channelopathy, Brugada syndrome, …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".