Weld properties and residual stresses of VPPA Al welds at varying welding positions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The micro-structure and residual stresses of VPPA welds at varying welding positions still lack systematic research. To clarify the effects of gravity on Al weld performance, 7 welding positions (from vertical-up welding to horizontal welding) were used to investigate the evolution of microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses. The results showed that both micro-structure and residual stresses of the welded joints in non-vertical up welding were asymmetric while those in vertical up welding were symmetric. The grain size on the upper side of the welded joints increased from about 66.9 µm for vertical up welding to 113.9 µm for horizontal welding. Furthermore, though lots of tear ridges and dimples appeared in all the fracture surfaces, which showed ductile fracture, all fractures for non-vertical up welding appeared on the upper side of the weld. The tensile strength from vertical up welding to horizontal welding decreased from 352.8 MPa to 319.8 MPa. In this paper, the formation mechanisms and underlying cause of the asymmetric residual stresses and mechanical properties in non-vertical up welding have been analysed and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".