“Directing the Upcoming Generation’s Mind in the Right Direction”: Enslaved Children in the French Emancipation Project in Martinique, 1835-1848
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enslaved children were at the centre of France's reform of colonial slavery from the mid-1830s to 1848. Youths, because of their malleability and supposed innocence, were deemed most deserving of moralizing efforts through religious and elementary education. When emancipation was conceivable by many on both sides of the Atlantic, enslaved children came to represent the future generation of French colonial citizens. Although slaveholders strongly opposed abolitionists' efforts and despite the slow nature of metropolitan reforms, hundreds of enslaved children in Martinique benefitted from the rights they acquired in the last decade and a half of slavery, namely, partial access to religious and elementary education, family rights, and freedom. Abstract: Les enfants esclaves furent au cœur de la réforme de l'esclavage dans les colonies menée par la France du milieu des années 1830 à 1848. On estimait que les jeunes, vu leur malléabilité et leur supposée innocence, méritaient le plus d'être moralisés grâce à l'enseignement religieux et à l'enseignement primaire. Une fois l'émancipation devenue envisageable par nombre de personnes de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique, on en vint à considérer les enfants esclaves comme la future génération de citoyens français des colonies. Bien que les propriétaires d'esclaves aient été fortement opposés aux efforts des abolitionnistes et malgré la lenteur des réformes métropolitaines, des centaines d'enfants esclaves de Martinique bénéficièrent des droits acquis pendant les quinze dernières années de l'esclavage, soit l'accès partiel à l'enseignement religieux et à l'enseignement primaire, les droits des familles et la liberté.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".