Reactive Grinding synthesis of La(Sr,Ce)CoO<sub>3</sub> and their properties in toluene catalytic total oxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Perovskites‐type metal oxides are an attractive alternative to noble metal‐based materials for environmental catalysis. Nevertheless, they suffer from major issues such as unattractive textural properties and lower intrinsic activities than those of noble metal counterparts. Reactive grinding (RG) has been already proved to be a powerful method to produce materials with improved textural properties. La 1‐x A’ x CoO 3 (A’: Sr, Ce) perovskite‐type materials were synthesized by RG synthesis as a 3‐steps top down method: (i) conventional solid‐state reaction – SSR (leading to microcrystalline material); (ii) high energy ball milling – HEBM and (iii) low energy ball milling – LEBM. The physicochemical properties of perovskite materials were investigated by XRD, N 2 ‐physisorption, H 2 ‐TPR, O 2 ‐TPD and XPS, while their catalytic performances were evaluated for the toluene total oxidation reaction. In this study we showed that the HEBM step leads in a drastic reduction in crystal size to nanometric scale along with aggregation into dense particles. The LEBM step allows the deagglomeration of particles and specific surface areas were significantly increased. Their performances in the toluene total oxidation increased along grinding steps and a maximum of catalytic performance was observed for La 0.9 Sr 0.1 CoO 3 . This material also exhibited a high catalytic stability as a function of the reaction time, under dry and wet air reaction conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".