Factors Influencing the Dietary Intake of Combat Rations by Soldiers in the Canadian Armed Forces Working in the Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the dietary intake of combat rations by soldiers in the Canadian Armed Forces training in the Arctic, and to measure their energy intake as well as weight and body composition changes. Methods: Soldiers’ perceptions (n=48) were initially collected with an online national survey sent between July and September 2018. Additionally, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in March 2019 (n=16). Measurements of 14 participants were taken at different time-points during an Arctic military course from January to March2019: weight was measured using a digital scale, and body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Energy intake was measured using a 24-hour food diary. Results: The survey revealed that eating on-the-move; the equipment required for food preparation and consumption; as well as the weather and environmental conditions most negatively affected dietary intake. Also, 65% of survey respondents self-reported losing weight during their training. Interviewed participants reported six main factors influencing dietary intake: food and water temperature, time needed to prepare meals, water availability, personal preferences, variety of food, and soldier mood and team morale. Twelve of the 14 participants lost weight (3.9±3.0 kg) during the first portion of the course. However, body composition did not change from beginning to end of the course. Energy intake was 2799±835 kcal/day compared to estimated energy requirements of 5577±681 kcal/day, representing an average energy deficit of49.8±19.2%. iii Conclusion: The Arctic is a challenging environment, making it difficult to adequately meet energy needs of soldiers with combat rations. Intake was below energy requirements, and weight losses were observed. Many interrelated factors influenced soldiers’ dietary intake. Combat rations adapted for soldiers’ work in the Arctic environment could help optimize consumption. In addition, further assessment of ration suitability and exploration of other factors related to soldiers’ intake in the field could be evaluated in order to enhance dietary intake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".