Boosting CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction to CH<sub>4</sub> via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report single-atom Cu catalysts dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon by a nitrogen-coordination strategy. The presence of nitrogen enabled good dispersion and attachment of atomic Cu species on the nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks with Cu–N x configurations. The Cu doping concentrations and Cu–N x configurations were well-tuned by the pyrolysis temperature. At a high Cu concentration of 4.9% mol, the distance between neighboring Cu–N x species was close enough to enable C–C coupling and produce C 2 H 4 . In contrast, at Cu concentrations lower than 2.4% mol, the distance between Cu–N x species was large so that the electrocatalyst favored the formation of CH 4 as C 1 products. Density functional theory calculations further confirmed the capability of producing C 2 H 4 by two CO intermediates binding on two adjacent Cu–N 2 sites, while the isolated Cu–N 4, the neighboring Cu–N 4, and the isolated Cu–N 2 sites led to formation of CH 4 . Our work demonstrates a facile approach of tuning active Cu sites for CO 2 electroreduction to different hydrocarbons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".