Dynamics of ecosystems and land use in the Dnieper left-bank forest-steppe for the last two thousand years: Kurilovka 2 case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The paper presents the first results of comprehensive studies of the multi-layer settlement Kurilovka 2 (Kursk region, Russia). It is located on a remnant of a low terrace above the floodplain of the Sudzha River (tributary of the Psel River – tributary of the Dnieper). The site contains archaeological materials of two main periods: proto- and early Slavonic (2nd – 8th centuries) and the Modern Period (end of the 17th – 20th century). The mail attention is paid to the results of archaeological, pedological, palynological, phytolith, anthracological study of the soil profile/archaeological pit 10/2016, located within the boundaries of the habitation zone. The data obtained allow us to reconstruct the history of the site development and dynamics of the site-encasing ecosystems over the past two thousand years. The area was initially forested and cleared for shifting agriculture, probably by the proto- and early Slavonic population. At the end of the 1st millennium AD the settlement was abandoned. The site was reforested and cleared again in the Modern Period. Now the arable land is not farmed, the site is covered with the herbaceous vegetation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".