Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a general shift in hydropower towards more cost effective and environmentally friendly hydroelectric generation.As a result, new turbine technologies like the very low head (VLH) turbine have been developed.The first VLH turbines in Canada were put into operation at Wasdell Falls on the Severn River, ON, with the possibility of future deployments across Canada.However, there is lack of information regarding the risk that these purportedly "fish friendly" turbines pose to North American fish species.Therefore, to rectify this, I carried out a two-part study, the results of which when combined, would inform overall risk of the turbine to fish.In the first part of this study (Chapter 2) I assessed risk of entrainment through the VLH turbines using acoustic telemetry based on fish use of the forebay areas upstream from the infrastructure.Here I found that that entrainment (fish passage) through the VLH turbines of tracked fish did not occur over the course of one year.I also found that half of the tagged species made use of the forebay areas and that forebay usage occurred at similar species proportions to the original tagged sample indicating that usage was not species specific.I also found that usage of the VLH forebay was limited.In the second part of this study (Chapter 3), risk was assessed based on the specific injury and mortality rates resulting from entrainment.To determine turbine specific injury and mortality rates, I experimentally introduced fish into the turbines and subsequently recaptured fish downstream using balloon tags.Research focused on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), rockbass (Ambloplites rupestris), walleye (Sander vitreus) and Northern pike (Esox lucius) spanning body sizes of 17 to 69cm.Using pre-entrainment and post-entrainment assessments we were able to determine injury and mortality incidences.Analysis of the data showed minimal differences between control (no entrainment) and treatment (entrainment) groups.Only one fish (representing 1.16% of total entrained fish of all species and 6.25% of entrained pike) was killed by turbine strike otherwise abrasion related injuries were the most common.These results iii suggest that entrainment events by the VLH turbines are rare on the species that were studied, and that entrainment by VLH turbine has minimal effects on the fish with very low mortality.Overall, the findings suggest that the risk posed by the VLH turbines is low for the species and life stages studied here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".