BCS-BEC crossover in a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> excitonic magnet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The condensation of spin-orbit-induced excitons in ${t}_{2g}^{4}$ electronic systems is attracting considerable attention. At large Hubbard $U$, antiferromagnetism was proposed to emerge from the Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of triplons (${J}_{\text{eff}}=1$). Here, we show that even at intermediate $U$ regimes, the spin-orbit exciton condensation is possible leading also to staggered magnetic order. The canonical electron-hole excitations (excitons) transform into local triplon excitations at large $U$, and this BEC strong coupling regime is smoothly connected to the intermediate $U$ excitonic insulator region. We solved the degenerate three-orbital Hubbard model with spin-orbit coupling ($\ensuremath{\lambda}$) in one dimension using the density matrix renormalization group, while in two dimensions we use the Hartree-Fock approximation (HFA). Employing these techniques, we provide the full $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ versus $U$ phase diagrams for both one- and two-dimensional lattices. Our main result is that at intermediate Hubbard $U$, increasing $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ at fixed $U$ the system transitions from an incommensurate spin-density-wave metal to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) excitonic insulator, with coherence length ${r}_{\mathrm{coh}}$ of $\mathcal{O}(a)$ and $\mathcal{O}(10a)$ in $1d$ and $2d$, respectively, with $a$ being the lattice spacing. Further increasing $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, the system eventually crosses over to the BEC limit (with ${r}_{\mathrm{coh}}\ensuremath{\ll}a$).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.288 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".