Managerial skills and performance in small businesses: the mediating role of organizational climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model to determine whether organizational climate (OC) mediates the effect of managerial skills (MSs) on business performance in small businesses, such as pharmacies. Design/methodology/approach The model proposed in this research was tested using separate questionnaires specifically designed for managers, employees and clients. The data set consists of responses from 301 managers, 470 clients and 328 employees from community pharmacies in Tehran, capital of Iran, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Although the results indicated no significant direct relationship between MSs and pharmacy performance (PP), they also confirmed that having a context-appropriate set of MSs can positively affect PP via the mediating effect of OC. Originality/value This is the first study investigating how MSs improve performance in retail pharmacies. Although this research focuses specifically on small businesses in the pharmaceutical industry, it nevertheless contributes to the literature by showing the importance of OC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".