Shared Waters – Southern Resident Killer Whales and Ferries Crossing the Border
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As members of the ECHO group, British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. (BCF) and Washington State Ferries (WSF) are working together on policy development and in-water noise issues relating to the Southern Resident Killer Whales. Policy Development: In 2015, BCF and Washington State Ferries (WSF) worked together to develop a joint policy and Best Management Practices for whale/ferry encounters. The goal is to coordinate effective whale/ferry encounters given that: The Southern Resident Killer Whale and other species share the same cross-boundary waters, Southern Resident Killer Whale are listed as “species at risk” for both countries, BCF transits U.S. waters (Tsawwassen to Swartz Bay) and WSF transits Canadian waters (Anacortes to Sidney). One policy challenge was how to approach legislative differences between the two countries. For example, U.S. guidelines designate a 200 meter ‘no approach zone’ for vessels, while in Canada it is 100 meters. This policy was the first of its kind for both BCF and WSF, and is the first policy of its kind for ferry operators in Canada and the U.S. This is another step in a series of bi-national efforts to protect the Southern Residents. In-water Noise: WSF has been working with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Washington on in-water noise related to ferry terminal construction projects. WSF has also collected in-water noise data for some of its ferries, and will discuss potential implications based on current U.S. guidelines for in-water noise and its effects on whales and pinnipeds. WSF and BCF are hoping to collect more ferry in-water data that will contribute to a better understanding of their fleets’ acoustic signatures. This could lead to possible operational or design adaptations. Whale Tracking: BCF has been working with Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) to install hydrophones at several key locations. The real time streaming of the underwater acoustic environment from underwater hydrophones will pick up Resident Killer Whale calls identifying when and where the whales are present and also calculate the corresponding level of background acoustic noise.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".