A survey of the antennal sensilla of Tetropium fuscum (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The brown spruce longhorn beetle ( BSLB), Tetropium fuscum ( Fabr.), is an invasive species introduced to Canada from Europe. The first specimens were collected from Point Pleasant Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1990, but were originally misidentified as a native species. It was not until nine years later, in 1999, that the beetle was confirmed and correctly identified in the park. In its native habitat, the BSLB usually infests dead and dying trees, whereas in its new environment in Nova Scotia it has begun infesting apparently healthy trees, primarily red spruce. A multi- agency governmental task force was set up to combat the spread of the BSLB in Halifax. Research to date has focused on the development of pheromone- based monitoring and mating disruption, though an increased understanding of this species' sensory physiology and morphology is required. The purpose of this survey was to gather information about the distribution of three different types of antennal sensilla and investigate whether there was sexual dimorphism in terms of those distributions. Sensilla are hair- like sensory organs that project from the cuticle on many different parts of an insect's body. Three types were examined: mechanoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and contact chemoreceptors. Antennae were examined using a scanning electron microscope and micrographs were taken from different angles to ensure a 360- degree view. The images were then examined using image- processing software. Results did not indicate any significant sexual dimorphism in terms of distribution of any of the three sensillar types examined, although a significant correlation was found between the size of an antennal segment and the density of sensilla present. This was purely a morphologically based survey, although preliminary transmission electron microscopy has been performed for future study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".