Status Epilepticus Manifested as Continuous Epileptic Spasms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The etiology and outcome of status epilepticus with continuous epileptic spasms has not been clearly specified, and only rare cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we described 11 children with various etiology and different outcome who manifested continuous epileptic spasms. Methods: This is a cohort study designed to review the charts, video electroencephalography, magnetic resonance images, follow-up and outcomes of patients who present continuous epileptic spasms lasting more than 30 minutes. Results: Median age at onset was two years, range 2 months to 5.6 years. The etiology of continuous epileptic spasms for these 11 cases consisted of not only the traditional electro-clinical epilepsy syndromes with known or unknown etiology like West syndrome or Ohtahara syndrome, but also acute symptomatic etiology such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, which expanded the etiology spectrum of continuous spasms. The epileptic spasms were prolonged, lasting for a median 13.00 days (95% CI was 7.26-128.22 days). Interictal findings typically consisted of hypsarrhythmia or its variants, including burst suppression. Hospital stay was longer in acute symptomatic causes of continuous (59.67±50.82 with disturbance of consciousness vs 15±1.41days ) spasms. The long-term outcome was extremely poor in patients with defined electro-clinical epilepsy syndrome ,including severe motor and intellectual developmental deficits (follow-up 4.94±1.56 years) despite early identification and treatment. Epileptic spasms were refractory to corticosteroids, immuno-modulation or immunosuppressive therapies, and ketogenic diet. Conclusion: Continuous epileptic spasms with a variety of etiologies as a form of status epilepticus should be included into the international classification of status epilepticus, and as a rule result in severe brain impairments in patients with electro-clinical syndromes, and long hospital stay in patients with acute symptomatic causes. Further investigations are required for exploring effective treatment to improve outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".