Preliminary Design of a Solar-Powered Hybrid Airship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The feasibility of a solar-powered hybrid airship where lift is generated by both buoyancy and aerodynamics is investigated using aerodynamic shape optimization. The design objective is to minimize the product of envelope root chord and span (which corresponds to the size of the hangar required to house the airship), subject to constraints on the lift, the ratio of solar power produced to power consumed, the airship operational empty weight, the trim, and the static margin. Simple mass models are used to estimate the mass of airship components, including the solar array, drive train components, and envelope fabric. The optimizer has the freedom to vary the envelope section shapes, span, twist, angle of attack, and flap angle. A three-point optimization has produced a feasible envelope geometry that satisfies the design requirements at two cruise-speed operating conditions (each with a center-of-gravity location at either extreme of the design range) and one low-speed operating condition. The results indicate that such an aircraft, which could be well suited to operations in remote areas, is feasible with respect to aerodynamic efficiency. Sensitivity studies indicate that faster hybrid airships will become feasible with future improvements in solar panel irradiance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".