Control of Glycemia With a Basal-Plus Regimen in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Controlled by Previous Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often characterized by insulin resistance and progressive ?-cell deterioration. With longer duration of T2DM most patients treated with oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs), in monotherapy or in combination, will ultimately require basal insulin therapy and even further prandial intensification later on. The basal-plus regimen is one of the proposed approaches for treatment intensification by adding one injection of prandial rapid-acting insulin to basal insulin. The CONBA+ study aimed to collect real-world data of glycemic control of T2DM patients uncontrolled on insulin/OAD therapy using the basal-plus approach in Morocco. Methods: CONBA+ study was a national, prospective, non-interventional, multicenter study involving 50 endocrinologists from Morocco. The study, conducted between June 2015 and June 2017, enrolled T2DM patients uncontrolled on their previous regimen (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ? 7.5% on two OADs, glargine 100 U/mL and OADs or once daily premixed insulin). Patients continued or newly initiated once-daily insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) and also received one injection of insulin glulisine (Glu) at the main meal in replacing any previous treatment. Demographics, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial glucose (PPG), insulin doses and the frequency of hypoglycemia were assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks after study entry. Results: Overall, 854 people (46.8% men) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. At baseline, mean age was 59.0 ± 9.4 years, mean duration of diabetes 10.8 ± 6.7 years (range: 1 - 45 years), mean body mass index (BMI) 27.4 ± 4.0 kg/m 2 and mean HbA1c 9.50±1.51%. After 24 weeks, 33.0% of patients achieved target HbA1c < 7.0% (primary endpoint). In addition, mean FPG and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) improved significantly at week 24 (change from baseline: -88 mg/dL and -108 mg/dL respectively; P < 0.001) while the number of reported severe hypoglycemia was low. Conclusions: The use of a basal-plus regimen consisting of insulin glargine 100 U/mL and insulin glulisine injected at the main meal resulted in significant improvements of glycemic parameters. In addition, the basal-plus approach showed a good safety profile with a low risk of hypoglycemia. J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;10(1):16-22 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem548
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".