Association Between Early Cognitive Impairment and Midterm Functional Outcomes Among Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Backgroud: The association between early cognitive impairment and mid-term functional outcomes among Chinese acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has not been fully explored. Methods: A longitudinal survey focusing on Chinese AIS patients was conducted in three Stroke units in Shanghai, China (July 2016 to June 2017). A total of 185 eligible participants were interviewed at four waves, acute stage, 1, 3, 6 months after onset. The functional outcomes of patients were measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI). Their cognitive function was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment, ChangshaVersion (MoCA-CS) within 7 days after stroke. Functional outcome was evaluated using mRS and BI at each wave of the interviews. Covariates included patient’s demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, clinical characteristics of stroke, vascular risk factors, receiving rehabilitation after discharge from acute hospital and recurrence. Generalized linear mixed modles and general linear mixed models were applied. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment at acute stage of stroke among these participants was 88.1%. The risk of disability(mRS 2-5) of all participants after stroke decreased over time (OR= 0.491, 95%CI= 0.401-0.603). The risk of disability among those with cognitive impairment increased compared to those with normal cognition (OR= 7.384, 95%CI= 1.041-52.407).The BI score of all participants increased over time after controlling for covariates (β= 1.51, p<0.01). The BI score of those with cognitive impairment was lower than those with normal cognition over the follow-up period after controlling for other covariates (β=-8.11, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that early cognitive impairment was associated with higher risk of disability and poor ADL among Chinese AIS patients. Further studies are needed to examine the linkage between multi-domain cognitive impairment and long-term disability and ADL among stroke survivors by neurophychological test batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".